CLINICAL CAPABILITIES // Genetic testing

Thyroid Cancer

Identify genetic risk factors and causes of thyroid cancer.

Clinical at Psomagen

Who Would Benefit from Thyroid Cancer Genetic Testing?

1

A person with a strong family history of certain types of cancer

Determine if they carry a gene mutation that increases their risk. If they do have an inherited mutation, they might want to have screening tests to look for cancer early, or even take steps to try to lower their risk.

2

A person already diagnosed with cancer

This is especially true if there are other factors to suggest the cancer might have been caused by an inherited mutation (such as a strong family history or if the cancer was diagnosed at a young age). Genetic testing might show if the person has a higher risk of developing cancer. It can also help other family members decide if they want to be tested for the mutation.  

3

Family members of a person known to have an inherited gene mutation that increases their risk of cancer

Testing can help them know if they need screening tests to look for cancer early, or if they should take steps to try to lower their risk.

How Do I Order a Test?

A printed copy of the requisition form must be submitted with the specimen if you are not placing your order through the online portal. You can find and print a copy of the requisition form here. If you need to modify your order, please contact client services.

Thyroid Panel Best Practices

Preferred Specimen

2mL whole blood in a purple-top EDTA tube (K2EDTA or K3EDTA)

Alternate Specimens

  • Saliva
  • Buccal swab
  • gDNA
Let's get started!

How to Ship Your Samples

Follow IATA Regulations

Please note that Psomagen sample collection kits are built to protect the samples from being damaged during transport and to comply with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulation. If you are using packaging other than that provided by Psomagen, please make sure to follow the "three layers of packaging" rule to avoid the risk of having the package destroyed by the courier:

  • A primary sample receptacle sealed (collection tube).
  • A leak-proof specimen bag containing absorbent material.
  • An outer packaging that meets the local postal regulations and is labeled as “Exempt Human Specimen.”

For more information please refer to page 187 of IATA Dangerous Goods Regulation.

Additional Shipment Requirements

For saliva, ship at room temperature (overnight shipping is not necessary).

For blood, we recommend using overnight shipping the same day that the blood is collected.

  • Blood can be kept at room temperature for up to 48 hours.
  • We request that blood is refrigerated no longer than two weeks.
  • Please do not freeze blood as deletion/duplication analysis is not supported for frozen or partially frozen blood.

Please ship the specimen in a crush-proof container via FedEx Priority Overnight (in accordance with the FedEx Packaging Guidelines for Clinical Samples.

Our US Shipping Address

Attn: Clinical Laboratory Testing Personnel
Psomagen Inc.
1330 Piccard Drive, Ste 103
Rockville, MD 20850

Test for 7 related genes

Gene List

APC    CHEK2     DICER1     PRKAR1A     PTEN     RET      TP53

Test Methodology and Limitations

DNA sequencing involves the extraction of genomic DNA from specimens collected in approved containers and provided the specimen meets required sample minimum quantity (e.g. volume, weight, etc). This is followed by quantification and qualification to ensure the adequacy of amount and purity for sequencing. Subsequently, whole exome sequencing is conducted on an IlluminaTM short read sequencing (SRS) platform (e.g., Novaseq X PlusTM) at Psomagen, Inc.’s laboratories (CLIA # 21D2062464, CAP # 8742212).

DNA sequence alignment, variant calling, and variant filtering are performed utilizing the Illumina DRAGENTM bioinformatics pipeline (version 4.2.4.) and various tool sets, which align reads to the human reference genome (GRCh38) and identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (InDels). Variant annotations are performed using a pipeline available in Fabric Enterprise. Variant review and interpretation are conducted according to the standards and guidelines set forth by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (Richards S, et al., Genet Med., 2015) by Fabric Clinical Labs (CLIA #45D2281059, CAP # 9619501). Only variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic are reported. The following quality filters are applied to all variants: coverage <40x, allele balance outside 0.3-0.7.

Variants in the following genes are reported: APC, CHEK2, DICER1, PRKAR1A, PTEN, RET, TP53.

This test is designed to detect single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (InDels). Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) coverage may vary across the genome, potentially resulting in missed variants in regions with low coverage depth. Some genetic abnormalities may be undetectable with the current version of this test. While the DRAGEN bioinformatics pipeline demonstrates high accuracy for variant calling, there remains a possibility of false positive or false negative results due to variant interpretation which relies on current scientific knowledge and available databases. This may lead to the reclassification of reported variants as new information emerges from ongoing research and is updated in the ACMG guidelines. Furthermore, systematic chemical, computational, or human errors may contribute to false positives or false negatives of DNA variants. For any reported variants, confirmation by orthogonal technology and subsequent consultation with a genetic counselor or qualified healthcare provider can help to establish definitive risk. This result should be considered preliminary until such confirmation has been performed.

Clinical management for this individual should be based on personal and family history, along with other relevant information. If considered relevant to this individual’s clinical presentation and/or family history, targeted testing of appropriate family members of this individual for the reported variants may help to interpret these results. For assistance with the interpretation of these results, healthcare professionals may contact Psomagen directly at (301) 251-1007 or support@psomagen.com.

More Resources

  1. Hay ID, Thompson GB, Grant CS, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940–1999): temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2444 consecutively treated patients. World J Surg 2002;26: 879–85.

  2. Cibas ES, Ali SZ; NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Am J Clin Pathol 2009;132:658–65.

  3. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bibleet KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016;26:1–133.

  4. Eustatia-Rutten CF, Corssmit EP, Biermasz NR, et al. Survival and death causes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:313–19.

  5. Perez CA, Perez CA, Santos ES, Arango BA, Raez LE, Cohen EEW. Novel molecular targeted therapies for refractory thyroid cancer. Head Neck 2012;34:736– 45.

  6. Xing M. Molecular pathogenesis and mechanism of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2013;13:184–99.

  7. Stratton MR, Campbell PJ, Futreal PA. The cancer genome. Nature 2009;458:719–24.

  8. Cohen Y, Xing M, Mambo E, et al. BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:625–7.

  9. DiLorenzo MM, Miller JL, Tuluc M, Wang Z, Savarese VW, Pribitkin EA. False-positive FNA due to highly sensitive BRAF assay. Endocr Pract 2014;20: e8–10.

  10. Radkay LA, Chiosea SI, Seethala RR, et al. Thyroid nodules with KRAS mutations are different from nodules with NRAS and HRAS mutations with regard to cytopathologic and histopathologic outcome characteristics. Cancer Cytopathol 2014;122:873–82.

  11. Vasko V, Ferrand M, Di Cristofaro J, Carayon P, Henry JF, de Micco D. Specific pattern of RAS oncogene mutations in follicular thyroid tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2745–52.

  12. Fusco A, Grieco M, Santoro M. A new oncogene in human thyroid papillary carcinomas and their lymph-nodal metastases.